Human Atrocities Essay

In the period of psychological warfare and atomic wars, perhaps the best test that the human network is confronting right presently is to control human rights infringement that is happening in practically all pieces of the world. Indeed, even the residents of the most vote based of countries are not saved from a specific level of human rights infringement or monstrosities. This is a reality that all residents of the world must face and valiantly address. In any case, the greater inquiry is this: who is capable to control human outrages? All the more explicitly, what can the worldwide and nearby network do to mediate in such outrages? To respond to these inquiries, I accept we should initially show up at a meaning of human rights infringement or abominations. As indicated by Wikipedia, human rights alludes to the all inclusive privileges of every single person â€regardless of race, shading, nationality, religion sexual orientation and culture. From the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is fundamentally founded on innate human poise. Simultaneously, human monstrosities are infringement of rights intrinsic to a person. Ordinarily, it is a term utilized when an administration damages national or global law identified with the security of human rights. (Wikipedia, 2007) I am of the conclusion that the global network has an intrinsic duty to face any type of human rights misuse. Worldwide courts, for example, the International Criminal Court and global associations, for example, the United Nations must be watchful in securing the privileges of every person. They should be the first to shield the enthusiasm of every individual against any wrongdoing that might be done against them by either the military in their separate government or their legislature as such. For example, the International Criminal Court is intended to bring into impact those authoritative standards of worldwide law which defend such principal esteems as human nobility, the regard forever and appendage of blameless people, and the security of ethnic, strict or racial gatherings. (Cassesse, 2007) what's more, the International Criminal Court must bring to equity any state which disregards the nobility of its residents. Doing so will maintain the most significant worldwide qualities, including the regard for human rights. Additionally, making these strides will maintain and vindicate network rights. Universal non-legislative associations, for example, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch means that what the worldwide network can do so as to help control the ascent of human outrages in any nation. They have the assets to tell the universal network of any bad behaviors being done in specific territories of the world. They can prepare other nearby associations to face these barbarities by assembling general assessment. For example, Amnesty International has worked and is further applying its endeavors for the insurance of those kept as a result of their peaceful sentiments and is looking for that Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR be perceived universally. Then again, Human Rights Watch restricts fundamental human rights infringement like capital punishment and sex separation. It is a promoter of opportunity identifying with key human rights like opportunity of religion and the press. Another noteworthy player in the offer to control human monstrosities is the neighborhood network. One can't overemphasize on the intensity of local people to mediate in such issues. Setting up universal associations won't tackle the issues that are putrefying a nation. Recuperating must originate from inside. The neighborhood network should consistently be keeping watch for any monstrosities being done and should courageously report this to the specialists. As noted in the site of the Crimes of War Project, every universal foundation will require the help and participation of different organizations and, most altogether, of States themselves and neighborhood networks so far as that is concerned. For instance, neighborhood network can be a wellspring of fundamental data identified with the examples and instruments of the issues in the network that can help comprehend a universal emergency. (Cassesse, 2007) I likewise accept that the intensity of media can be best used in tending to the real factors of human rights infringement. Since the media can successfully catch the consideration of numerous individuals, the nearby and global media should make it their obligation to report any updates on bad behaviors or foul play. (Cassesse, 2007) This will likewise help in making every network â€whether neighborhood or internationalâ€to be progressively watchful in such cases. It must be comprehended that the measures to be taken by the global network will have no critical bearing without the help of the nearby network. No measure of intercession will be successful if the neighborhood network won't render its help. As confirmed by Antonio Cassesse in an article entitled â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice†, the best reaction to monstrosities lies in a judicious and all around considered mix of different methodologies both neighborhood and global. (Cassesse, 2007) He composes, â€Å"international criminal law is a part of law that, more than some other, is about human imprudence, human evil, and human forcefulness. It manages the darkest side of our tendency. It likewise manages the manner in which social orders compose themselves to stem brutality and violence however much as could reasonably be expected. Plainly, given the greatness of the undertaking, no single reaction may do the trick. Rather, a wide cluster of reactions, each custom fitted to explicit conditions, is required viably to battle worldwide culpability. † (Cassesse, 2007) Hence, mediation of human outrages is both a nearby and worldwide duty â€one that must be paid attention to and persistently by all social orders on the planet. Refered to Works Cassesse, Antonio. crimesofwar. organization. â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice. † 7 March 2007. <http://www. crimesofwar. organization/icc_magazine/icc-cassese. html> Wikipedia. â€Å"Human Rights. † 7 March 2007. <http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Human_rights#Violations_of_human_rights>

guitar :: essays research papers

An acoustic guitar plays delicately in the back rear entryway of a stone concert.Thousands of individuals rush by. They flood the boulevards like hungry animals.It begins to rain; gradually the guitar raises and crushes into the solid ridden ground again and again until it is screaming,raging-a guitar frenzy! It breaks and splits into a large number of little pieces. Another fantasy is broken. The individuals don't take note. They swarm the road, remaining on another person's wretchedness. They kick the pieces aside and enter a reality where self - included performers offer their hopelessness to an existence where wretchedness is elegant. Music today is being constrained by mainstream society. They use it as a weapon to over force and stunt youthful audience members into purchasing their products.Pop culture today is appearing to be loaded with &quot;faceless bands&quot;. They all appear to be identical, and they all solid precisely the equivalent. In the event that somebody even attempts to enter the universe of music, mainstream society quickly takes control. They've transformed it into a &quot;music business&quot;. You'll get bit up and let out, on the off chance that you don't look like it. It isn't tied in with sounding the part any longer. It's everything about looking like it for their self-announced &quot;music business&quot;. What ever befallen the artists who performed only for its love? It's everything about cash now. They've all understood the force music has over individuals. They attempted to remove it, and are currently utilizing it against us, for their commercials, t.v. shows, radios, and different items. Music is more remarkable than you might suspect it is. Music makes the manner in which you feel, and think. It is an immense social intrigue. In the event that you go out with your companions, for the most part there will be music. It is a major effect on an adolescent life. Consider moves, parties, and other get-togethers. It's transformed into another style. In the event that your companions tune in to a particular kind of music, there is a high rate that you will as well. Individuals treat music like a garments brand; an item to indoctrinate enormous amounts of individuals . What befell the genuine performers? Where right? Well I'll let you know. They are the ones sitting in the back rear entryway of a stage performance, going unnoticed, until their fantasy is crushed and they surrender the fantasy about being &quot;company property&quot;, and they wake up. Why trouble attempting to get a handle on the media's consideration? You will simply get one of them: a cash needing monster. guitar :: articles explore papers An acoustic guitar plays delicately in the back rear entryway of a stone concert.Thousands of individuals charge by. They flood the roads like hungry animals.It begins to rain; gradually the guitar raises and crushes into the solid ridden ground again and again until it is screaming,raging-a guitar franticness! It breaks and splits into a large number of minuscule pieces. Another fantasy is broken. The individuals don't take note. They swarm the road, remaining on another person's hopelessness. They kick the pieces aside and enter a reality where self - included performers offer their hopelessness to an existence where wretchedness is in vogue. Music today is being constrained by mainstream society. They use it as a weapon to over force and stunt youthful audience members into purchasing their products.Pop culture today is appearing to be loaded with &quot;faceless bands&quot;. They all appear to be identical, and they all solid precisely the equivalent. In the event that somebody even attempts to enter the universe of music, mainstream society quickly takes control. They've transformed it into a &quot;music business&quot;. You'll get bit up and let out, on the off chance that you don't look like it. It isn't tied in with sounding the part any longer. It's everything about looking like it for their self-broadcasted &quot;music business&quot;. What ever befallen the artists who performed only for its love? It's everything about cash now. They've all understood the force music has over individuals. They attempted to remove it, and are presently utilizing it against us, for their promotions, t.v. shows, radios, and different items. Music is more remarkable than you might suspect it is. Music makes the manner in which you feel, and think. It is an enormous social intrigue. On the off chance that you go out with your companions, for the most part there will be music. It is a major effect on a young life. Consider moves, parties, and other get-togethers. It's transformed into another design. In the event that your companions tune in to a particular sort of music, there is a high rate that you will as well. Individuals treat music like an attire brand; an item to condition huge amounts of individuals . What befell the genuine performers? Where right? Well I'll let you know. They are the ones sitting in the back rear entryway of a live performance, going unnoticed, until their fantasy is crushed and they surrender the fantasy about being &quot;company property&quot;, and they wake up. Why trouble attempting to get a handle on the media's consideration? You will simply get one of them: a cash needing mammoth.

Levels of Security Essays

Levels of Security Essays Levels of Security Essay Levels of Security Essay In certain spots the security causes individuals to feel just as they are being captured and different spots where America’s youngsters go through the day are frequently not secure enough.â Is there a fair compromise to ensure the guiltless without causing them to feel like criminals?Since September 11, 2001, loading up a plane requires nearly a similar degree of trusted status as meeting the President, while nearly anybody can stroll into numerous schools.â The nearby retail location has more security even than certain schools do.â What should be done to give insurance while as yet permitting opportunity in American society?Anyone who has attempted to get onto a plane in the previous six years recognizes what it feels like to be interrogated.â In request to traverse security in an air terminal, one must experience a metal indicator, have their sacks x-rayed and experience a huge number of questions.â Any flawed things like fluids, scissors, or letter openers are bro ught into question and some of the time seized. Children are opened up and looked through shoes must be evacuated to ensure no weapons are covered up and now and again body look are made, essentially to go on a business trip.â The carriers are so scared of a 9/11 recurrent that nobody is above suspicion.â Even travelers in wheelchairs must demonstrate they are not stowing away anything.â Any fluid holder more than 3 ounces is taken and all lighters in a pocket or satchel are reallocated (TSA).  Security officials are found in each passageway looking for any dubious conduct and if an individual has a seizure on a plane they are captured for potential demonstrations of terrorism.â By the time the individual is really permitted to get onto the plane they have been recorded on record and feel like they have been blamed for a crime.In the nearby retail location individuals are not cross examined, except if they are associated with burglary, yet there each move is monitored.â People are recorded on camera when they stroll into the store, when they put things into their trucks, and when they pay.â Dressing rooms are not permitted to contain cameras, yet somebody sits at the entryway to screen what goes in and what goes out to ensure they match.â Shoppers are welcomed as they go into the store, yet they experience a frightened entryway so as to exit to ensure they have not taken anything.â Often even the parking area has cameras in it.â Many bigger stores have recruited security officials to screen the store and the parking area for any issue behavior.In the neighborhood school anyway it is to some degree less secure.â Since the quantity of acts of mass violence lately, schools have become progressively secure particularly in enormous cities.â Some have employed security officials and screen entryways a couple have gone to alert frameworks and metal locators, yet numerous little schools despite everything need adequate security measures.â The primary explanation behind this is in little networks individuals despite everything don't think awful things happen there.â obviously the majority of the acts of mass violence have happened in little communities.â One of the latest of these was an Amish school with no security other than a youthful female teacher.â Many of these schools have signs advising guests to check in at the workplace, and expressing that all entryways are bolted aside from the principle entrance.â Most occasions during the day in any case, these entryways are not bolted and anybody can walk in.â Parents should make a rundown of the individuals who are permitted to get kids from school, yet this isn't in every case intently monitored.â Cameras are not introduced in numerous little schools and the head and instructors are the main safety crew provided.The lacking school security is the aftereffect of the modest communities saying they would prefer not to cause guests to feel they are not welcome in the schools.â the reality of the matter is that no parent needs to feel grilled for going to eat with their kid, yet no parent needs to discover their youngster has been shot by a cohort either.â If it is alright to cause individuals to experience broad safety efforts in air terminals and retail locations, at that point it should be alright in schools.â The wellbeing of America’s kids should be considered as significant as the wellbeing of its garments and radios.â An outsider ought not be permitted to stroll in off the road and exit with someone’s kid and tragically this happens all the time in this country.What should be possible to make an equalization in the wellbeing of our aircrafts, retail locations and children?â beyond any doubt the air terminals in the United States were the objectives of a significant fear based oppressor assault and should be ensured, yet so were the schools.â Just weeks back an understudy on a huge school grounds strolled in to class and killed more than twenty students.The American individuals are beginning to feel like suspects while attempting to take some time off while understudies are being killed in their classrooms.â With this pattern, guardians will send their kids to the air terminal or shopping rather than to class, since they will be safer.â One of the fundamental issues is that the carrier business and retailers spend a lot of cash on security.â Unfortunately, most government funded schools don't have a financial plan for costly safety efforts or security staff.â Therefore they are restricted to splitting the teacher’s time among educating and observing understudy safety.One of the initial steps to making schools more secure is building up an arrangement for the school’ssecurity and figuring out who is accountable for the security (Richards, 1997).â Schools are gaining ground by making the arrangements of individuals permitted to get kids and arrangements of individu als who are not permitted to take them.â These rundowns simply should be all the more firmly checked to ensure they are followed.â Many kids who are abducted by non-custodial guardians are gotten after school by them despite the fact that they might be on the no get list.â The schools next need to dole out somebody at entryways in the event that they are not bolted to ensure guests sign in and out.â Each state funded school needs in any event one person who is explicitly relegated to guarantee the wellbeing of the students.â This individual should screen corridors to ensure there is nobody with weapons or battling. Schools should fuse a security departure plan in the event of such crises as a firearm attack.â These plans ought to be rehearsed occasionally like the fire and cataclysmic event drills. Indeed, even without costly observation hardware or metal indicators, schools can be more secure if there is an unmistakable arrangement and it is polished regularly.On the op posite side of the security difficulty is the excessively secure aircrafts and shopping centers.â These clearly should be firmly checked and the security needs to remain progressed as the psychological warfare plots become continually more sophisticated.â The cameras and x-beam machines have been around for a considerable length of time, yet perhaps they can in the long run require less exacting quests of people.â People need and need to have a sense of security and safety efforts are required to guarantee safety.â If that causes individuals to feel their protection is attacked a little it is okay.â Making honest individuals feel like hoodlums anyway makes individuals need to quit going out to shop or flying.â There should be a trade off to give the normal American to feel a level of wellbeing while as yet having some opportunity and security.

Nigel Slacks Transformation Process Model Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Nigel Slack trying to explain the main reasons behind the transformation of business processes (through the implementation of appropriate technology) in firms belonging to all industrial sectors. His model, shown below in Figure 1, presents a series of factors (dimensions) that influence the decision of a business to transform its business processes. In accordance with the above model, the first issue that should be examined by every firm interested in transforming its process would be whether the technology implemented through this transformation could be related with the current needs of the particular market. If the answer to this question is positive, then the business should proceed to the relevant procedure (transformation of processes). However, this was only the first Dimension of the whole project. In fact, a second Dimension follows in which should answer the following question: what the relevant technology could offer to the transformation of resources in the particular f irm. More specifically, the business process technology would improve the firm s resources mainly offering a framework for the increase in their productivity. If such a target could not be achieved by the above procedure then the firm should avoid the transformation of its processes by the first instance. We will write a custom essay sample on Nigel Slacks Transformation Process Model or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now On the other hand, the value of the business process technology for the completion of the business transformation process would be examined thoroughly before the implementation of the relevant technology. Finally, the role of business process technology in the whole procession would be evaluated in terms of its importance for the achievement of the targets set by the firm attempting the transformation of its processes. The effectiveness of the relevant procedure was examined by Slack et al. (2005) with a specific reference to five firms: a fashion clothing retailer, a retail bank, a full-service airline industry, a food company and a company operating in the area of laboratory services.

History Of American Economy The Great Depression Essay

History of the American Economy: The Great Depression As early as the 1920s, Americans and their leaders were quite confident about their country’s better future, compared to some of the toughest economic times that the country had gone through, such as the mild economic depression in the early 1820s and the bank panic. In fact, during his election trail, Herbert Hoover shown off America’s optimism by citing that the triumph against the poor house was forthcoming. However, the Great Depression erupted at a full force the early 1930s; an event that Walton and Rockoff 439 describe to have been the country’s most important economic event of the 20th century (422). The great depression was a time when the United States’ economy was hit by the deepest as well as the longest-lasting economic downturn that was characterized by a drop in the United States’ gross domestic product (GDP) by up to 30 percent. Unemployment also rose by 21.7 percent in 1933, and industrial production dropped by almost half. The nati on was also paralyzed by hunger (Walton and Rockoff 422). In essence, the great depression was indeed very severe, millions of people were rendered poor, homeless, and jobless. Nevertheless, the depression came after a time when the America’s economy had grown to be the world’s leading economic superpower, particularly in the in the early 20th century. It was the world’s best source of financial capital. The great depression changed everything; America’s economy wasShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both600 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both important economic crises in U.S. history. The Great Depression began in 1929, during the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt. The Great Recession of 2008 took place at the end of President George W. Bush’s presidency and at the beginning of President Obama’s presidency. The Great Depressio n was a long-term decline in economic activity, and the Great Recession was a business contractionRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression1355 Words   |  6 PagesNew Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s and well through the 1930’s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economy. President HerbertRead MoreCauses and Effects of The Great Depression in the United States1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression is a defining moment in time for not only American, but world history. This was a time that caused political, economical, and social unrest. Not only did the Great Depression cause a world wide panic, it also caused a world wide crisis unlike any before it. This paper will analyze both the causes and the effects of the Great Depression in the United States of America. One cause of the depression is the effects of World War One. World War one had many devastating effects onRead MoreThe Great Depression : The Fall Of A Nation1701 Words   |  7 Pages Biondi English II 3 March 2015 The Great Depression: The Fall of a Nation The Great Depression was a hard time for America. The name fits like a glove because it was, in fact a depression. The Great Depression was crucial to American history because it changed every aspect of American life, revealed how big a power America was, and it established multiple government agencies around the world to make sure something like it never happens again. The economy was at a highpoint in 1929. It was easierRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Great Depression : The Crash, Burn, And Reparation Of The American Economy1053 Words   |  5 PagesECO2013 2 February 2017 The Great Depression: The Crash, Burn, and Reparation of the American Economy Imagine that you received a huge bonus from your occupation that compensates almost $50,000 a year. You go to your bank to cash your paycheck, only to have the bank clerk disclose that they do not have your money. The financial institution went belly up, losing all the money within it because of external sources. This paper discusses the reason behind the Great Depression and distinct policies generatedRead MoreResearch Paper: Roaring Twenties1537 Words   |  7 Pagesto demobilize and revert back to a peace time economy. During the 1920’s, it was viewed as a prosperous economy since there was a new labor force due to demobilization, new inventions, and a new infrastructure. Also moral spirits were high since America along with the Allied Powers defeated Germany and the Great War was finally over. However, America began making many economic policies and decisions that will eventually lead up to the Great Depression. One economic policy was that â€Å"the FederalRead MoreEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 Pagesluxury and economic stability in the United States, that is, until the day the stock market crashed and the country was plummeted in to a time of misery and uncertainty called the Great Depression. The ten year span from 1929 until 1939 is one of the worst episodes the United States has ever experienced; it held a great shortage in the money supply, massive unemployment, and despair and doubt for all of the people who lived through it. Frederick Lewis Allen’s book Since Yesterday: the 1930s in AmericaRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downt urn in American history hit, known as the Great Depression. In 1933, when the economy was at its bleakest, FDR took office and during his Inaugural Address, promised the American people that he would take swift actionRead MoreFranklin Delano s Inaugural Address1441 Words   |  6 Pagescountry. A country suffering from depression, joblessness and from the fear of inevitable demise, Franklin D. Roosevelt comes to the stand and speaks words that would ring on in American history for decades to come. He first reassures the American people that he will be spear heading the problems that have besieged the nation and then exclaims the timeless phrase â€Å" There is nothing to fear but fear itself.† These words couldn’t come at a more pressing time in American history. The very essence of what America

Summary Of The House Of The Spirits - 1651 Words

Tamara Garza Harris ENGL 102 June 23, 2017 The House of the Spirits, a Women’s World January 8, 1981, Allende begin writing a goodbye letter to her 99-year-old grandfather who was dying, she narrates in her biography, Paula, â€Å"I wanted to tell him not to worry, that nothing would be lost of the treasury of anecdotes he had told me through the years of our comradeship; I had forgotten nothing† (Levine). Once she started she could not stop, it quickly turned into her family story titled, The House of the Spirits. This book was a way to connect to her family she left behind so many years ago. Even though the country in which this book is written is never named, it is assumed this takes place in Allende’s native country, Chile. In this novel,†¦show more content†¦8-9). At a youthful age Clara begins place her thoughts, premonitions, and writings, into a diary. Clara married Esteban Trueba, a man who was harsh, quick to react. During the patriarchal society, women were a man’s possession. They had few rights and were exploited and sometimes rejected by men (Metzger). Clara doesn’t put up with disrespect from any man and when her husband, Esteban, hits her during a fight, Clara never speak a word to him again (Allende 223). With this act of cruelty on his part it allowed Clara to escape to her own world of solitude, a spiritual world where Esteban cannot follow her. This world is without rules, without structure, no subordinate to men, no patriarchy, no boundaries (Metzger). These is a gift Clara can give to her daughter, Blanca. Clara’s only daughter, Blanca, was not born with the gifts of visions as her mother was but was down to earth, sensual, and passionate (Rossman 55). Living on an estate in Tres Marias, is where she meets the person that would ignite her strength of passion, Pedro Tercero. Pedro was a peasantâ⠂¬â„¢s son who lived on the Trueba’s estate. 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Person

Person-Organisation Fit Essay Contents Person-Organisation Fit2 Forms of P-O fit2 Measures of P-O fit3 Antecedents and outcomes of P-O fit3 Impacts of P-O fit on organisation and individuals4 Performance4 Turnover4 Homogeneity and creativity5 Comparison P-O fit with P-J fit5 Effective management of person-organisation fit6 Importance of Assessing P-O fit in employee selection6 Nurturing P-O fit after the selection process7 Managing P-O fit in organisation with high diversity7 Conclusion10 References12 Bibliography16 Person-Organisation Fit Person-Organisation fit(P-O fit) is broadly defined as the compatibility between people and organisations (Kristof 1996); a compatibility of values and expectations between employee and employer. It is the congruence of an individual’s beliefs and values with the culture, norms, and values of an organization. Forms of P-O fit Kristof (1996) further explains P-O Fit has three main forms. * The first is supplementary fit. It exists when the characteristics of one thing are similar to the same characteristics of something else. * The two other forms of P–O fit are different aspects of complementary fit. Rather than similarity, complementary P–O fit is about one of the parties (the individual or the organization) making the other whole (Muchinsky and Monahan, 1987). It can take several forms such as needs–supplies or demands–abilities relationships (Kristof, 1996). A high level of individual complementary P–O fit exists when the organization supplies what the individual needs. A high level of organizational complementary P–O fit exists when an individual has the abilities, attitudes etc. that the organization demands. Measures of P-O fit Person’s fit to the organisation can be measured on four different levels * Measuring similarity between characteristics of people and organisations * Measuring the goal congruence with organisational leaders or peers (Vancouver, Millsap Peters 1994) * Measuring similarity between individual preferences or needs and organisational systems and structures (Cable Judge 1994) –this reflects the needs-supplies fit perspective. * Measuring similarity between characteristics of an individual personality and organisational climate-sometimes labelled as organisational personality. Bowen et al 1991) Antecedents and outcomes of P-O fit According to Schneider’s (1987) ASA (Attractive-Selection-Attrition) framework people and organisations are attracted to each other based on their similarity. Thus both applicant job choice behaviour and organisations’ hiring practices are the major antecedents of P-O fit. Following organisation entry individual and organisational so cialisation practices contribute to P-O fit. Socialisation helps establish P-O fit between newcomers and organisation (Chatman 1991; Cable Parsons, 2001) Impacts of P-O fit on organisation and individuals High level of P-O fit is related to a number of positive outcomes. P-O fit is correlated to work attitudes like job satisfaction and organisational commitment, organisational citizenship, self reported team work, creativity, and contextual performance (Boxx, Odom and Dunn, 1991; Chatman 1991). It can also predict intention of quit and turnover. Performance Holland (1985) stated that individuals will achieve greatest performance when their skills and traits fit those of the organization. In support of this statement, Caldwell O’Reilly (1990) found that P-O fit is positively related to job performance. Turnover Research examining the relationship between P-O fit and turnover suggests that employees whose values match those of their organization are less likely to experience feelings of incompetence or anxiety (Chatman, 1991). In contrast, employees who do not have a strong fit will either self-select out or will be released by the organization. For this reason, employees who fit with the organization are likely to have higher job satisfaction and lower intentions to quit than those who do not. This is also a measure of organizational commitment (Caldwell O’Reilly, 1990; Chatman, 1991; Saks Ashforth, 1997; Vancouver et al. 1994). Homogeneity and creativity P-O fit research also suggests that employees who have strong fit also possess certain degree of similarity or homogeneity (Lopez McMillan-Capehart, 2003). As a result, a criticism of P-O fit is that it results in employees who think similarly and thus there is less innovation and creative in the organization. Payne, Lane Jabri (1990) have questioned the desirability of too great a fit in creative industries, as ‘group think’ is detrimental to the innovation process. Comparison P-O fit with P-J fit Person-Job fit (P-J fit) is the most common way fit is defined by organizations. Person-Job fit involves the measurement of what we often refer to as â€Å"hard† information about a candidate’s suitability for the tasks that are required for successful performance of a specific job (Handler. C 2004). â€Å"Hard† aspects of P-J Fit include things such as a candidate’s specific skills, their levels of knowledge about specific subject matter, and their cognitive abilities. On the other hand, the elements of P-O Fit are rather soft. That is to say, it’s much more difficult to examine the job-related outcomes of a match between person and an organization as it elates to abstract concepts such as â€Å"values† and â€Å"culture† then it is to examine the outcomes of the match between harder traits, such as a person’s mathematical ability and the related aspects of their job performance. Just because it’s softer in nature and involves less objective constructs then P-J Fit, that doesn’t mean P-O Fit i s any less important. These insights on the two fit concepts suggest that they are complimentary measures that should account for different aspects of job performance and other organisational behaviors of an employee. Effective management of person-organisation fit As can be seen from the nature of the P-O fit, its involvement in the organisation and individual development starts at the selection process itself. It is then nurtured to grow by socialisation trends in the organisation. In this section effective management of P-O fit at various stages is discussed in detail Importance of Assessing P-O fit in employee selection In employee selection research , P-O fit can be conceptualised as the match between applicant and broader organisational attributes. Judge Ferris, 1992;Rynes Gerhart, 1990). P-O fit is very important in maintaining the flexible and committed workforce that is necessary in a competitive business environment and a tight labor market. (Bowen, Ledford Nathan,1991;Kristof 1996) Schneider’s (1987) ASA framework suggests that the sort of people within an organisation shape that organisation, yet that the culture of an organisation endures through changes in personnel. There i s then, a dynamic interaction between the people entering and leaving an organisation and its cultural characteristics. Dress Code EssayWe know that some degree of fit among employees is necessary to have harmony; on the other hand extreme levels of fit can lead to negative consequences such as lessened creativity. This is a dilemma many companies now face. By being attentive to the organizational climate and to the manner in which employees are socialized, it is possible that managers can nurture dissimilar employees so that they fit well with the organization while maintaining their uniqueness. References * Bowen,D. E, Ledford,G. E Nathan,B. R(1991) Hiring for the organisation,not the job. Academy of Management Executive ,5(4) 35-51. Boxx W. R. ,Odom,R. Y. ,Dunn, M. G(1991) Organisational values and value congruency and their impact on satisfaction commitment and cohesion. Public Personnel Management 20,195-205 * Bruce Watt, Mark Busine, Emma Wienker (2005) RECRUITING FOR CULTURE FIT DDI Australia Research Report. * Cable D. M. , Judge, T. A(1994). Pay preferences and job search decisions : A per son-organisation fit perspective. Personnel Psychology. 47,317-348. * Cable, D. M. and Parsons, C. K. (2001) Socialization Tactics and Person-Organization Fit. Personnel Psychology, 54, (1), pp1-23 * Chatman J. A(1991) Matching people and organisations:Selections and Socilsation in public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 40,423-443. * Caldwell, D. , Chatman, J. , and OReilly, C. , (1990) Building organizational commitment: A multi-firm study Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, pp. 245-261. * Dr. Charles Handler (2004) The Value of Person-Organization Fit , http://www. ere. net/2004/05/20/the-value-of-person-organization-fit/ * Hobman, E. V. , Bordia, P. , and Gallois, C. (2003), Consequences of feeling dissimilar from others in a work team Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, pp. 301-325. Holland, J. L. (1985), Making vocational choices, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. * James, L. A. , and James, L. R. (1989), Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, pp. 739-751. * Jones, G. R. (1983), Psychological orientation and the process of organizational socialization: An interactionist per spective, Academy of Management Review, 8, pp. 464-474. * Judge, T. A Ferris, G. A (1992). The elusive criterion of fit in human resource staffing decisions, Human Resource Planning,154, 47-67 * Kristof,A. L(1996). Person-organisation fit: An integrative review of its conceptualisations, measurement and implications. Personnel Psychology,49(1),1-49 * Kwiatkowski R, (2003) Trends in organisations and selection: an introduction Journal of Managerial Psychology 18, 5 pg 382-394. * McMillan- -Capehart A, Lopez T. B, (2003)Reconciling Employee Dissimilarity and P-O Fit, Journal of Diversity Management 2,4 pg 33-42 * Meyer, J. P. , Allen, N. J. , and Gellatly, I. R. (1990), Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, pp. 10-720. * Muchinsky, P. M. Monahan, C. J. (1987): What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 268-277. * Payne, R. L. , Lane, D. and Jabri, M. (1990) A Two-Dimensional Person-Environment Fit Analysis of the Performance, Effort and Satisfaction of Research Scientists British Journ al of Management, 1, pp45-57 * Richard, O. C. Grimes, D. (1996). Bicultural interrole conflict: An organizational perspective, The Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 32 (3), pp. 155-270. * Rynes. S. L Gerhart,B. (1990). Interview assessments of applicant â€Å"fit†: An exploratory investigation . Personnel Psychology, 43,13-35. * Saks, A. M. and Ashforth, B. E. (1997) A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information, sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 50, pp394-425 * Schmidt,FL. , Hunter J. E (1998) The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology:Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin,134 (2) 262-274. * Schneider, B. and Goldstein, H. W. and Smith, D. B. (1995) The ASA framework: an update. Personnel Psychology, 48, pp747-773 * Vancouver, J. B. ,Millsap,R. E. Peters P. A (1994) Multilevel analysis of organisational goal congruence. Journal of Applied Psychology 79,666-679. * Van Maanen, J. , and Schein, E. H. (1979), Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed. ), Research in Organizational Behavior, 1, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. * Bibliography * Boisnier, A. and Chatman, J. A. (2003) The role of subcultures in agile organizations. In R. Peterson and E. Mannix (ed) Leading and Managing People in Dynamic Organizations, Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum, pp87-112 Bretz, R. D. and Judge, T. A. (1994) Person-organization fit and the theory of work adjustment: implications for satisfaction, tenure and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, pp32-54 * Carless, S. A. (2005) Person-job fit versus person-organization fit as predictors of organizational attraction and job acceptance intentions: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, pp411-429 * Chao, G. T. , O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. , Wolf, S. , Klein, H. J. and Gardner, P. D. (1994) Organizational Socialization: Its content and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology. 79, (5), pp730-743 * Chatman, J. (1991) Matching People and Organizations: Selection and Socialization in Public Accounting Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, pp459-484 * Cooper-Thomas, H. D. , Van Vianen, A. and Anderson, N. (2004) Changes in Person-Organization Fit: The impact of socialization tactics and actual P-O fit. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13, (1), pp52-78 * Jansen, K. J. Kristof-Brown, A. (2006): Toward a multidimensional theory of personenvironmentfit. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18 (2), 193-212. Jones, G. (1986), Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustment to organizations Academy of Management Journal, 29 2, pp. 262-279. * Kristof-Brown,A. L(2000). Perceived applicant fit: Distinguishing between recruiters’ perceptions of person-job fit and person-organisation fit. Personnel Psychology,53(4) 643-671. * Lievens, F. , Decaesteker, C. , Coetsier, P. and Geirnaert, J. (2001) Organizational Attractiveness for Prospective Applicants: A Person-Organization Fit Perspective. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, (1), pp30-51 * Morley, M. J. 2007): Person-organization fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22 (2), 109-117. * Pervin, L. A. (1989), â€Å"Persons, situations, interactions: the history of a controversy and a discussion of theoretical models†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, pp. 350-60. * O’Reilly, C. A. , Chatman, J. and Caldwell, D. F. (1991) People and organizational culture: a profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, pp487-516 * Sekiguchi T. (2003),A Contingency Perspective on the Importance of P-J Fit and P-O fit in Employee Selection Academy of Management , 4

Antigone free essay sample

Why does Ismene object to Antigones plan to bury Polyneices? Possible Answer: Ismene believes the men who rule Thebes must not be disobeyed because men are stronger and their will must be respected. How does Antigone demonstrate pre-feminist ethics? Possible Answer: Antigone believes that a womans duty is not to the men who rule a domain, but rather to her own instincts and her own sense of right and wrong. She believes that the gods do not dictate through a ruler, but rather through individual beliefs. When does Creon become apologetic for his actions? Possible Answer: Creon never apologizes for his actions. Instead, he simply orders Antigone to be freed because he knows that Teiresias is never wrong and therefore that his own life is at risk. However, he never truly believes that his order to imprison her was the wrong course of action. What is the seeming reason for Haemons suicide? Does he kill himself only out of desperate love for the dead Antigone? Possible Answer: Haemons suicide seems to have two motivations first out of anguish over Antigones death, but also because he is so furious with his father for having betrayed his trust. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early in the play, Haemon tells his father that as long as he offers wisdom, Haemon will follow him. But now it is clear that his father led him astray, and for that Haemon believes that one of them must die. Why isnt Creon killed by the plague that befalls him at the plays end? Possible Answer: Creons punishment is to suffer without a family, and to suffer the guilt of knowing he destroyed the lives of innocents to preserve obsolete traditions and a misconceived legacy of misogynist rule. What is Creons tragic flaw? Possible Answer: Creons tragic flaw is that he believes that men have the right to interpret divine will and impose absolute power in their name. As a result, a simple belief men cannot be wrong in the face of women is elevated to law and thus leads to multiple (unnecessary) deaths. Is Antigone ever apologetic for burying Polyneices? Possible Answer: Though Antigone bemoans her fate and believes death is a cruel and unnecessary punishment for burying Polyneices, she is never apologetic for actually covering his body. She believes until the end that she did the right thing. Why does Antigone not allow Ismene to join her in her death sentence? Possible Answer: Antigone does not want her sister laying claim to an act that was solely hers for two reasons: one, because she wants her sister to remain alive, and two, because she wants her sister to feel the shame of abandoning her principles for the sake of staying alive and being subservient to men. What is the role of the Chorus? Possible Answer: The Chorus is meant to reflect the conscience of Thebes they are the elders who expect Creon to guide them towards wisdom. As they lead him astray, they begin to sense this and reflect their feelings in their choral poems. What is unusual about the Watchmans speech? Possible Answer: Unlike the other characters, the Watchmans speech is written in more natural rhythms and dialect. Antigone free essay sample Evil not only fascinates people in general, but writers as well. In what ways and with what effect has â€Å"evil† been treated in Antigone? In the play of ‘Antigone’, evil appears in many forms. There is the soldier who is a traitor to his nation; the sister trying to prove her love for her family yet ends up breaking the law; the king who so eagerly tries to stop rule-breakers yet he himself neglects his flesh and blood. Here the difference of the two works is seen: The Earth of Mankind gives the impression that characters of power possess evil, whereas in Antigone, evil can be inside all of these opposing individuals. Polyneices, a soldier who fought against his own nation was to be punished as a traitor by not burying him after his death. When his sister, Antigone, goes against the King’s decree and burry Polyneices, she was also seen as a traitor to her country. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However their other sibling, Ismene, who sits at home as Antigone fights for her brother’s right, is also said to have performed a crime of being a traitor to her family. Now something we can see from here is that each and every character involved in the story so far possesses evil. This message is summed up by Sophocles in page 204 of the book, in Ode 1, where it says, ‘O fate of man, working both good and evil! ’ What the writer is trying to convey here is more realistic than what is said in ‘The Earth of Mankind’; both evil and good is naturally inside everyone’s mind.It is one’s choice to do which, but performing a crime is inevitable. Everyone has his or her own ‘evil’ deeds, not only the powerful ones. As seen in my previous explanation on who performs evil deeds in the play of ‘Antigone’, we can see that one evil act leads to another, whereas the chain of good doings ends sooner. Eteocles, who was a soldier and a brother to Antigone, fought bravely for his nation and was buried with honor by the King. Although many respect him for his virtuosity, the play didn’t show that further kindness was done because of him.However, when Polyneices betrays his nation and fought against it, a number of people are forced to perform evil in his affect. Antigone had to break the law in order to give him his right of getting a burial. Ismene, who was too scared to go against the decree, was said to be a traitor to her family, as she didn’t come to assist Antigone in her mission. They then cause Creon to imprison the sisters, punish them, which then cause him to have a fight with his son. Creon then causes death of Haimon, and therefore leads to the suicide of the Queen.On page 243, the messenger says, ‘†¦and her last breath was a curse for their father, the murderer of her sons. ’ A number of misfortunes occur as being the result of one act of evil. The play now gives the effect that evil gives more negative outcomes in comparison to good giving positive results. Here, evil is powerful enough to make such a big impact on its surrounding; bigger than the good. Creon sees Antigone as a traitor to his rules, despite her reasons. Creon imprisoned both Antigone and Ismene for the burial of the nation’s traitor, Polyneices, who is their brother.It is true that Antigone has broken the law, but according to her logic, it is more important to follow the rules of the Gods than the King. She feels that the dead, no matter what they did in their lives, deserve respect and be buried, and that it was her duty to do so as Polyneices’ sister. She didn’t care that she is breaking the decree, and may be punished to die, as long as this task is done. Creon, being a non-believer of the Gods in the beginning, thinks that breaking the law is crime, no matter for what purpose.Polyneices was a traitor and he suffers because of himself, thus no one should help him. On page 211, Creon even said to Antigone, ‘An enemy is an enemy, even dead. ’ There is truth in both arguments, and no one can say what is right. Here, the play depicts that the existence of evil depends on how one views it. ‘Antigone’ treats evil as a subjective topic, where it may be seen as a crime from one point of view, but is actually a good deed from another. No evil deed is done without a reason, and the play shows that one should explore, not only what crime has been done, but also why it was done.

Osteoporosis essays

Osteoporosis essays Osteoporosis is a one disease that happens when a persons bones become so thin that they can break easily. A person may develop osteoporosis by the thickness of their bones in their early like as well as their health, diet, and physical activity. As you age your bones naturally thin and cannot be completely stopped, however osteoporosis can be reduced by eating healthy and exercising. It is best for people to start developing these healthy habits in their teen years to reduce their risk of osteoporosis. The symptoms in Osteoporosis include: getting shorter in height, breathing difficulty (because of the ribs/back) having a curved upper back, back pains, and breaking bones. The bones that are most often broken are the small bones in the spine, hip, and wrist. During the first 25 to 30 years of a persons life a new bone is made faster than the existing bone is broken down. Between the next 10 to 20 year the bone is broken done at the same rate the bone is made. Usually in women between the ages 45 and 55 and 45 to 50 of men the bone begins to break down faster than the new bone is made. Women are also at a greater risk for osteoporosis than men because men have a higher bone density than women and also women lose protection against osteoporosis when their bodies stop producing estrogen during the time of menopause. A family history, Smoking, alcohol use, no exercise, thin body, low in calcium, decreasing levels of estrogen, and having certain medical conditions are factors of having a high risk for osteoporosis. Healthy habits help prevent osteoporosis. Young women need to take steps to prevent complications. If a person already has osteoporosis healthy habits can help slow the process. Usually older people do not have enough calcium in their diet and need to take calcium supplements. ...

Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of standardized testing Essay

Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of standardized testing - Essay Example The prevalent use of standardized tests has caused much controversy in recent years. Some feel that they have an important place in helping to assess student ability and school quality, while others feel that they have very little validity, and detract significantly from our children's educational experience. A great deal of studies have been published in attempt to understand the true effect that standardized tests have on education, yet there has been little consensus among opposing sides. No matter one's position on the subject, a clear understanding of both the pros and cons of standardized testing will aid our country in its quest to improve the quality of education for all of our students. If administrators and policy-makers would take into account both the benefits and the drawbacks of standardized testing, they could work to create educational policies that take advantage of the data that standardized tests offer, while not allowing test bias or an overemphasis on test scores to detract from our student's education. The driving force behind the prevalent use of standardized tests in school districts across the country is a belief that they will hold schools and teachers accountable for each student, and that no child will be allowed to slip through the cracks. This is essentially the premise of the No Child Left Behind Act passed in 2002, which uses standardized test scores to determine whether or not schools are making adequate progress. In a recent report from the US department of education entitled "Building on Results: A Blueprint for Strengthening the No Child Left Behind Act" (2007), George W. Bush reiterates that this policy is first and foremost an effort to end "the soft bigotry of low expectations" (p 1). In addition to bridging the achievement gaps between minority populations and wealthier populations, Bush also stated that: "NCLB is an important way to make sure America remains competitive in the 21st century. We're living in a global world. See, the education system must compete with education systems in China and India. If we fail to give our students the skills necessary to compete in the world of the 21st century, the jobs will go elsewhere" (Hursh, 2007, 498). Proponents of NCLB, argue that standardized tests are the best tool that we have at our disposal to determine whether schools are truly bridging the achievement gaps and preparing students to compete in the global economy of the 21st century. The reason that standardized tests are an indispensable part of school success according to proponents of NCLB, stems from their belief that it is impossible to know if students are learning anything without assessment. Grant Wiggins, author of Understanding by Design (2006), offers a humorous, but poignant anecdote about what happens when assessment is not incorporated into classroom instruction: A teacher claims to have taught his dog to talk, yet when the teacher's friend wants to see proof of the dog being able to talk, the teacher modifies her claim: "I taught him to talk, but I didn't say he learned it" (p. 228). Without evaluation, neither teachers nor students can ever know if they have grasped the material that has been taught, and they become the talking dogs that have not actually learned to talk. Without evaluation, teaching can become a dull and listless act that fails to take into account whether students are actually learning and whether they are able to analyze and cr eate meaning out of the new experiences they have had in class. Richard Phelps explains the benefits of standardized tests in Kill the Messenger: The War on Standardized Testing (2003), which has been called the definitive defense of standardized testing. Phelps and other proponents of standardized

Substance abuse in Veterans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Substance abuse in Veterans - Research Paper Example These drugs provide relief for a short lifespan. However, this can in turn bring a heavy aftermath after the lapse. Its effects include nightmares, addiction, anxiety, flashbacks, suicide, overdose, sleeplessness, depression, aggressiveness, loneliness and even in the worst scenario; death (Lewis, Dana & Blevins, 2011) Stress forms a greater influence than any other cause and it greatly hinders a person’s mentality. The soldiers especially those from Iraq and Afghanistan, tend to overuse opioids a lot as a way of relieving stress. Most of them don’t use it because of physical injury, but because they want to erase the painful memories of their lost ones in the army. Hence, they misuse these drugs to relieve dark memories. Some veterans also use excessive hard drugs as a supplement of the opiates in case they don’t manage to get one. One of the majorly abused illegal drugs was heroin. This was because of fear from war tensions .Heroin abuse was largely used by Vietnam veterans. Battles needed courage and bravery; and that is why a huge number of soldiers used these drugs to boost their confidence. Injured soldiers especially those with severe cases were prescribed powerful painkillers which provided pleasure in return. The most prescribed painkillers included hydrocodone, oxycodone and meperidine. These drugs were commonly abused by being injected or sniffed in the blood system by the patients. These painkillers provided a similar feeling like the heroin. Excessive opioids brought about addiction which made most of them captive. The patients later turned to the abuse of painkillers which served as alternative opioids, having been controlled by the Department of Veteran Affairs. Opioids also caused anxiety and sleeplessness. Flashbacks were also recorded by the veterans causing them to scream or cry when sleeping. The patients sometimes took huge amounts of the painkillers whether prescribed or not, and

Air pollution Essay Example for Free

Air pollution Essay Introduction to Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution characteristics Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. The extent of industrialization and population density. Air Pollutants Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution are natural sources and man-made source. A. Natural sources: Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. Pollutants from natural sources Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide dust and other gases. Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dusts and soil particles from ground-surface. Extraterrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth. B. Man-made (anthropogenic) sources Industries, automobiles, agriculture, power plants, domestic sources, etc. Pollutants from manmade sources Industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters. Domestic sources: gases from kitchen, domestic heating. Automobiles: smoke, fumes, emissions from different vehicles. Agriculture: insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash. Introduction to Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution characteristics Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. The extent of industrialization and population density. Air Pollutants Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution are natural sources and man-made source. A. Natural sources: Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. Pollutants from natural sources Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide dust and other gases. Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dusts and soil particles from ground-surface. Extraterrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth. B. Man-made (anthropogenic) sources Industries, automobiles, agriculture, power plants, domestic sources, etc. Pollutants from manmade sources Industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters. Domestic sources: gases from kitchen, domestic heating. Automobiles: smoke, fumes, emissions from different vehicles. Agriculture: insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash.

Essay --

Who knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and wrote their one of many most inspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960's, where racism was a problem. Whites discriminated blacks because they thought they weren't equal to them. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X come in, they are well known African Americans leaders who fought for what they believed, in many different ways. Martin Luther King Jr. are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who grew up in a middle class family and was well educated. King was always against violence, even thru his entire ministry. He believed in an integrated society between blacks and whites in one American society based upon the promises of the founding fathers of American that all men were created equal and had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Even though, he was physically and verbally attacked he always stood his ground and never fought with violence. While in jail for 8 days Martin Luther King Jr. compose â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† The letter was evidently a response to a letter that recently ran in the local newspapers by the Birmingham Clergy. Which had claimed that the protesters were â€Å"unwise and untimely†. However, Dr. King chose to express himself in writing instead of violence, by replying â€Å"Seldom, ... ...res, and plunder, and power.† By reading all these books it built hatred towards the whites and anticipated as a necessarily to fight for the human rights of the African American people. In contrast, to Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X decided to fight violence with violence. As a result of his action, know his well known as the ideal civil rights activists for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Malcolm x are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. preferred a nonviolence approach to the situation. Whereas, Malcolm X handled racism in a violent approach. However, both man believed African Americans deserved their human rights and equal say. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in an integrated society while Malcolm X wanted African Americans to have their segregated neighborhoods just as good as the whites. Essay -- Who knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and wrote their one of many most inspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960's, where racism was a problem. Whites discriminated blacks because they thought they weren't equal to them. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X come in, they are well known African Americans leaders who fought for what they believed, in many different ways. Martin Luther King Jr. are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who grew up in a middle class family and was well educated. King was always against violence, even thru his entire ministry. He believed in an integrated society between blacks and whites in one American society based upon the promises of the founding fathers of American that all men were created equal and had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Even though, he was physically and verbally attacked he always stood his ground and never fought with violence. While in jail for 8 days Martin Luther King Jr. compose â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† The letter was evidently a response to a letter that recently ran in the local newspapers by the Birmingham Clergy. Which had claimed that the protesters were â€Å"unwise and untimely†. However, Dr. King chose to express himself in writing instead of violence, by replying â€Å"Seldom, ... ...res, and plunder, and power.† By reading all these books it built hatred towards the whites and anticipated as a necessarily to fight for the human rights of the African American people. In contrast, to Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X decided to fight violence with violence. As a result of his action, know his well known as the ideal civil rights activists for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Malcolm x are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. preferred a nonviolence approach to the situation. Whereas, Malcolm X handled racism in a violent approach. However, both man believed African Americans deserved their human rights and equal say. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in an integrated society while Malcolm X wanted African Americans to have their segregated neighborhoods just as good as the whites.

Pas vs Euthanasia

Every human being has the power to make decisions throughout the course of his or her life. People make choices every day, and it is the control that people have over their own lives that allows them to do so. This ability to have options and be able to make decisions should not cease to exist as a patient approaches the end of life. People have the right to believe strongly in personal autonomy and have the determination to control the end of their lives as wished (DeSpelder 238). Toward the end of life, people should still be given the chance to make decisions, in order to allow them some form of control in a life.The option for Physician Assisted Suicide allows for those, who are approaching death, to end their lives without losing any dignity. Physician Assisted Suicide is when a physician intentionally assists a person in committing his or her own suicide by providing drugs for self administration at a voluntary and competent request (Oliver 2006). With Physician Assisted Suicid e, the physician provides the patient with a prescription for a lethal dose of medication, and counseling on the doses and the methods the patient must follow through with to complete the act (Sanders 2007).The physician may be present while the patient self-administers the medication, although this is not legally required. Also, the physician, or any other person, cannot assist the patient in administering the medication (Darr 2007). Physician Assisted Suicide should not be confused with Euthanasia. In the practice of Physician Assisted Suicide, it is the patient who makes the final administration of the lethal medication. As far as Euthanasia is concerned, it is a deliberate action done with the intention to hasten or cause the death of an individual (Sanders 2007).Physician Assisted Suicide is only legal in the state of Oregon, while Euthanasia is illegal across the United States. Even though Euthanasia is illegal, it was performed casually by a physician by the name of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian would typically start an IV running saline, and allow the patient to then initiate the flow of barbituates and potassium chloride which would result in death (Darr 2007). After having assisted in the deaths of nearly 130 people over the course of ten years, Dr.Kevorkian was found guilty of having given a man a lethal injection which caused the man’s death, and Dr. Kevorkian was sentenced to prison. Although some may see Dr. Kevorkian’s work as wrong and immoral, others support him and his symbol as the public debate on ethical and legal issues surrounding Physician Assisted Suicide (DeSpelder 238). There are many different types or forms of Euthanasia. These types of Euthanasia are: passive euthanasia, active euthanasia, active voluntary euthanasia, and active involuntary euthanasia.Passive euthanasia is the occurrence of a natural death through the discontinuation of life-support equipment or the cessation of life-sustaining medical procedures . Active euthanasia is a deliberate action to end the life of an individual. Voluntary active euthanasia is the intervention of lethal injection to end the life of a mentally competent, suffering individual who has requested to have his or her life put to an end. The last form of Euthanasia is active voluntary euthanasia in which a physician has intervened in such a way to cause the patient’s death, but without the consent from the patient (Scherer 13).One may wish to experience Euthanasia to end his or her life for many reasons. Many patients wish for control and influence over the manner and timing of his or her own death. He or she may also wish to maintain his or her dignity and wish to have relief of severe pain that may be caused by a terminal illness. Other thoughts that may affect the choice for Euthanasia involve wanting to avoid the potential for abuse from his or her doctor, family, health care insurance, and society (Scherer vii).On the other hand, a patient may w ish to pursue Physician Assisted Suicide, or a hastened death, because of an illness related experience such as agonizing symptoms, functional losses, and the effects of pain medications on his or her body. The patient may also feel that the mystery of death is a threat to his or her sense of self, and wish for some sort of control over the matter. Also, patients may fear for the future as far as the quality of life is concerned. A negative past experience with death, and the fear of becoming a burden on amily and friends, can greatly influence a person’s choice to seek Physician Assisted Suicide. As the end of life is approached, care can become much more involved, placing strain on those who are responsible for caring for the dying (Quill 93). In caring for the terminally ill and those near death, certain medications may be prescribed to reduce pain and a patient’s experience with suffering. When administering such medications in an attempt to control symptoms, a phy sician or nurse may inadvertently cause a person’s death. This occurrence is known as ‘double effect’ (Oliver 2006).The doctrine of double effect states that ‘a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results in death, is permissible if the harm is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action’ (DeSpelder 238). Because the dosage of medications may need to be adjusted to relieve pain at specific periods of end-of-life, it is likely that respiratory distress may occur soon afterward, leading to death. This has become known as ‘terminal sedation’, yet the Supreme Court has ruled that such instances do not account for Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide because the main intent was to relieve pain (DeSpelder 239).It may appear at times as though the law and medical profession hold strong views that oppose assisting death, but in many ways, they have also shown that under certain circumstances, hastening death can be ju stified. Hastening death through interventions which do not take place in the context of clinical complications, errors, negligence, or deliberate killing have been demonstrated by the legal and professional acceptance of particular cases.Both the law and medical profession allow for the right of a competent adult to refuse any type of treatment, including one which may save his or her life. Doctors are given the right to withdraw or withhold any treatments that he or she sees as futile or not in the patient’s best interest; this includes life saving and life prolonging treatments. As mentioned previously, Doctors are legally also given the right to use their discretion in administering high-dose opiates in the context of palliative care (Sanders 2007).In looking at such scenarios, it is difficult to understand why Physician Assisted Suicide is illegal in all states aside from Oregon, yet similar procedures and actions, that end in the same outcome, are legal in all states. T he only state in which Physician Assisted Suicide is legal is the state of Oregon. Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1997 which allowed the terminally ill to end their lives voluntarily through the self administration of lethal medications, prescribed by a physician, for this exact purpose (Death).Any physicians, who are against aiding someone in ending his or her life, may refuse to prescribe the lethal medications, but each is given the ability and choice to participate (DeSpelder 237). Although Oregon is the only state in which Physician Assisted Suicide is legal, California, Vermont and Washington all hope to follow in Oregon’s footsteps in legalizing this practice (Ball 2006). Since Physician Assisted Suicide is legal in the state of Oregon, it may be feared that too many people will take advantage of such a utility and that it has potential for abuse (Quill 6).This is not necessarily true. In Oregon, an average of 50 people take full advantage of Physician Ass isted Suicide each year; yet many more than this actually receive the lethal medications and choose not to use them (Oliver 2006). Perhaps it is the feeling of having these medications to fall back on that gives people comfort. People who receive a prescription from their physicians for these lethal medications know that if they ever get to the point where they feel as if they cannot live any longer, they do not have to.Some other facts about patients who choose to follow through with Physician Assisted Suicide are that the majority of those who took the lethal medications were more likely to be divorced or never married rather than married or widowed, had levels of education higher than general education, and had either HIV and AIDS or malignant neoplasms (Darr 2007). Although Physician Assisted Suicide was made legal in Oregon, there have been many instances where the United States Supreme Court has attempted to give Physician Assisted Suicide a bad image.In 1997, the Supreme Cour t compared two cases related to Physician Assisted Suicide. The cases were Washington vs. Glucksberg, and Vacco vs. Quill. In the comparison of these two cases, the Supreme Court looked at withholding and withdrawing treatments against Physician Assisted Suicide. The Court concluded that ‘the right to refuse treatment was based on the right to maintain one’s bodily integrity, not on a right to hasten death’ but when treatments are withdrawn or withheld, ‘the intent is to honor the patient’s wishes, not cause death, unlike PAS where the patient is â€Å"killed† by the lethal medication’ (DeSpelder 237).After examination of such cases, the Supreme Court confirmed that states had the right to prohibit Physician Assisted Suicide, or allow it under some regulatory system. In order to be eligible for Physician Assisted Suicide, there are certain criteria that need to be met. First, the patient must be at least eighteen years old and a legal r esident in the state of Oregon. The patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness which is determined to provide the patient with less than six months to live.This terminal diagnosis must be confirmed again by a consulting physician. The patient must also be able to communicate his or her health care decisions. A patient is determined to be mentally incompetent in making such decisions, as stated by the Mental Capacity Act of 2005, if he or she is unable to understand information that is relevant to the situation or decision, is unable to retain this information being provided, cannot use or weigh information as part of the natural decision making process, and cannot communicate his or her decision in any manner (Dimond 2006).The request for Physician Assisted Suicide must be a voluntary request, with at least one written request, signed in the presence of at least two witnesses, and two verbal request, both of which must be at least fifteen days apart. If either the attending o r consulting physician feels as though the patient may be depressed, a complete psychiatric examination is done. In addition to these criteria, the physician must also provide information to the patient about hospice care and other comfort measures that may serve as alternatives to Physician Assisted Suicide (Ball 2006).It is important to explore all possibilities for pain management and palliative care to the fullest extent in order to set aside Physician Assisted Suicide as the final resort to ending pain and suffering (Scherer 118). The request for Physician Assisted Suicide is also a prime opportunity for health care providers to examine, explore and address a patient’s fears for the end-of-life (Darr 2007). It is important to hear the request and the feelings behind it, because this could also be a patient’s means for expressing a fear of being kept alive by technological treatments, or even a way of expressing depression.A patient may feel as though it would be e asier to put an end to his or her life rather than to deteriorate (Oliver 2006). Because these possibilities may be so, it is important to analyze a patient’s behavior and requests for death carefully. These requests may not be a true wish to die, but rather what is thought to be an easy way out, or a deep lying psychological issue. It is also recommended that the physician and patient have formed a previous relationship so that there is a clear understanding of the patient’s history and future medical treatment wishes.There must be a discussion between the physician and patient. This discussion facilitates the physician’s understanding of the meaning of the request which will then allow him or her to respond to the patient’s request with both concern and compassion. If both concern and compassion can be developed within the physician-patient relationship, then it is more likely that the physician can accept the patient’s request without encouragin g the patient’s decision to pursue Physician Assisted Suicide (Scherer 118). There are many arguments both for and against the use of Physician Assisted Suicide.The argument for Physician Assisted Suicide is focused primarily on the support of a person’s autonomous decision to end his or her life. It is believed that any person who at the end of his or her life is experiencing unbearable symptoms or distress and feels as though he or she has a poor quality of life, should be able to request assistance in ending his of her life (Oliver 2006). If we are to respect a patient’s wishes, then it is thought that we too should respect a patient’s choice of when and how to die.If a patient has the right to make informed decisions about medical treatment, then this right should naturally extend into his or her informed choice to choose a medically assisted death (Sanders 2007). Those who are against Physician Assisted Suicide believe that a patient’s autonom y should be limited when its exercise has a negative effect on others, and that it undermines a patient’s ability to trust a doctor as a healer (Sanders 2007). Many people also believe that ‘life is a gift from God and no human being has the right to take that gift away’ (Heintz 2007).Fears or worries may arise with the legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide. As health care workers and providers, the job at hand is viewed as maintaining life and improving a patient’s physical condition while performing Physician Assisted Suicide may remove this image. If legalized, the public may find it fearsome that the health care system has become somewhat inconsistent. This is demonstrated when a patient is asked to trust a health care provider in maintaining or improving his or her health while that same provider may be assisting other patients in committing their own suicides (Darr 2007).I chose the topic of Physician Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia because it i s something that I find interesting. There is a constant struggle going on as to whether or not these procedures and actions are ethical, and I thought that it would be interesting to learn more about the topics in order to better develop my own view on the matter. Through my research, my opinion of Physician Assisted Suicide did not change. I had originally viewed Physician Assisted Suicide as a person’s choice and right.Now, I still have the same input on the topic, but I feel as though I could better argue my decision of being for Physician Assisted Suicide rather than against it. I have learned a lot about Physician Assisted Suicide. I find it most important that my sources of information were from both sides of the discussion. This made it helpful for me to understand both views on Physician Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. Upon completing my research, I developed stronger feelings for the case of Physician Assisted Suicide as being a patient’s choice.This is an i ndividual’s choice, and for anyone to vote against such a procedure does not seem OK. Nobody has a say in what goes on in another person’s life. If this really is the case, then why should anyone be able to say that people who are suffering and nearing death cannot take a lethal dose of medication to kill themselves. It all comes down to Physician Assisted Suicide being a patient’s choice and right to have the opportunity in front of him or her if he or she deems it necessary. In conclusion, the ending of one’s life should be left in the hands of that one individual and nobody else.It will always be said to people that â€Å"it is your life, do with it as you will†, but why should this phrase change when it is applied to someone’s death? People should be free to determine their own fates by their own autonomous choices, especially when it comes to private matters such as health (Quill 39). No one person’s life should be at the mercy o f what other people believe would be best. Life or death and the way they will be carried out or ended, should be nobodies choice but the individual. Resources Ball, S. (2006).Nurse-patient advocacy and the right to die. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 44, 36-42. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database. Darr, K. (2007). Assistance in dying: part II. Assisted suicide in the united states. Nexus. Ethics, Law, and Management, 85, 31-36. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database. Death with dignity act. OREGON. gov. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from http://oregon. gov/DHS/ph/pas . DeSpelder, L. , Strickland, A. (2005). The last dance: Encountering death and dying.New York: McGraw-Hill. Dimond, B. (2006). Mental capacity requirements and a patient’s right to die. British Journal of Nursing, 15, 1130-1131. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database. Heintz, A. (2007). Quality of dyin g. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28, 1-2. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database. Oliver, D. (2006). A perspective on euthanasia. British Journal of Cancer, 95, 953-954. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database.Quill, T. , Battin, M. (2004). Physician assisted dying: The case for palliative care and patient choice. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. Sanders, K. , Chaloner, C. (2007). Voluntary euthanasia: Ethical concepts and definitions. Art and Science Ethical Decision-Making, 21, 41-44. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from the MEDLINE (through EBSCOhost) database. Scherer, J. , Simon, R. (1999). Euthanasia and the right to die: A comparative view. United States of America: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Analysis Of New Orleans After The Deluge - 1703 Words

The Juxtaposition Graphic novels have the ability to portray multiple perspectives and can cleverly represent as many groups an author believes is needed. What becomes the decision of the author is which perspective deems more important or more fascinating. Depending on which the author decides to portray, there tends to be different effects on the readers. Neufeld uses Scott’s Mccloud’s ideas from Understanding Comics, such as adding detail to a character to differentiate them from the reader in order to induce certain emotions. The perspective taken from the primary source may receive more empathy or distaste depending on who the author chooses to represent. Through detailing certain character, this focus is made clear to be on the victims. However, graphic novels are sometimes subject to biases and misinterpretations, which can belittle the authenticity of the accounts being given. Different accounts of the events hold different biases. They could either represent th ose who have undergone the specific event or that of someone who has speculated from the outside. In A.D. New Orleans after the Deluge, Josh Neufeld represents a perspective not commonly exemplified, as he assigns different perspectives to his character and juxtaposes them using the dialogue from their interactions. A different view of the story is told, and reasons to the questionable, or unethical actions of the victims are brought into focus and analyzed through a perspective that sides with the victims.Show MoreRelatedHurricane Katrina And Its Impact On The United States1592 Words   |  7 PagesStates (Chambers, 2007). According to Brinkley (2006), the hurricane occurred on August 29th, 2005, and had a massive physical impact on the land and to the residents of New Orleans City .Before the hurricane; there was massive destruction of the wetlands besides construction of canals which increased the erosion rates in the lands. 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