Summary Of The House Of The Spirits - 1651 Words

Tamara Garza Harris ENGL 102 June 23, 2017 The House of the Spirits, a Women’s World January 8, 1981, Allende begin writing a goodbye letter to her 99-year-old grandfather who was dying, she narrates in her biography, Paula, â€Å"I wanted to tell him not to worry, that nothing would be lost of the treasury of anecdotes he had told me through the years of our comradeship; I had forgotten nothing† (Levine). Once she started she could not stop, it quickly turned into her family story titled, The House of the Spirits. This book was a way to connect to her family she left behind so many years ago. Even though the country in which this book is written is never named, it is assumed this takes place in Allende’s native country, Chile. In this novel,†¦show more content†¦8-9). At a youthful age Clara begins place her thoughts, premonitions, and writings, into a diary. Clara married Esteban Trueba, a man who was harsh, quick to react. During the patriarchal society, women were a man’s possession. They had few rights and were exploited and sometimes rejected by men (Metzger). Clara doesn’t put up with disrespect from any man and when her husband, Esteban, hits her during a fight, Clara never speak a word to him again (Allende 223). With this act of cruelty on his part it allowed Clara to escape to her own world of solitude, a spiritual world where Esteban cannot follow her. This world is without rules, without structure, no subordinate to men, no patriarchy, no boundaries (Metzger). These is a gift Clara can give to her daughter, Blanca. Clara’s only daughter, Blanca, was not born with the gifts of visions as her mother was but was down to earth, sensual, and passionate (Rossman 55). Living on an estate in Tres Marias, is where she meets the person that would ignite her strength of passion, Pedro Tercero. Pedro was a peasantâ⠂¬â„¢s son who lived on the Trueba’s estate. During this time in Latin America, people stayed with their own class. Pedro being a peasant, was classified as bad for Blanca. During The House of the Spirits,Show MoreRelatedThe Fall of the House of Usher, by Edgar Allan Poe785 Words   |  4 Pagesbook, The Sickness Unto Death like this: â€Å"Man is spirit. But what is spirit? Spirit is the self. But what is the self? The self is a relation which relates itself to its own self.† I understand The Fall of the House of Usher in these terms; the story is a description of the sick self, the sick spirit, the mortally morbid human. The title provides a reasonable summary of the story: the subject is the House of Usher and what happens to the House is a fall. That would be simple enough, but mattersRead MoreChanging The World : One Play At A Time1644 Words   |  7 Pageshistorically influential plays that were written during the birth of feminism are quintessential to the rise of free expression among women. 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Person

Person-Organisation Fit Essay Contents Person-Organisation Fit2 Forms of P-O fit2 Measures of P-O fit3 Antecedents and outcomes of P-O fit3 Impacts of P-O fit on organisation and individuals4 Performance4 Turnover4 Homogeneity and creativity5 Comparison P-O fit with P-J fit5 Effective management of person-organisation fit6 Importance of Assessing P-O fit in employee selection6 Nurturing P-O fit after the selection process7 Managing P-O fit in organisation with high diversity7 Conclusion10 References12 Bibliography16 Person-Organisation Fit Person-Organisation fit(P-O fit) is broadly defined as the compatibility between people and organisations (Kristof 1996); a compatibility of values and expectations between employee and employer. It is the congruence of an individual’s beliefs and values with the culture, norms, and values of an organization. Forms of P-O fit Kristof (1996) further explains P-O Fit has three main forms. * The first is supplementary fit. It exists when the characteristics of one thing are similar to the same characteristics of something else. * The two other forms of P–O fit are different aspects of complementary fit. Rather than similarity, complementary P–O fit is about one of the parties (the individual or the organization) making the other whole (Muchinsky and Monahan, 1987). It can take several forms such as needs–supplies or demands–abilities relationships (Kristof, 1996). A high level of individual complementary P–O fit exists when the organization supplies what the individual needs. A high level of organizational complementary P–O fit exists when an individual has the abilities, attitudes etc. that the organization demands. Measures of P-O fit Person’s fit to the organisation can be measured on four different levels * Measuring similarity between characteristics of people and organisations * Measuring the goal congruence with organisational leaders or peers (Vancouver, Millsap Peters 1994) * Measuring similarity between individual preferences or needs and organisational systems and structures (Cable Judge 1994) –this reflects the needs-supplies fit perspective. * Measuring similarity between characteristics of an individual personality and organisational climate-sometimes labelled as organisational personality. Bowen et al 1991) Antecedents and outcomes of P-O fit According to Schneider’s (1987) ASA (Attractive-Selection-Attrition) framework people and organisations are attracted to each other based on their similarity. Thus both applicant job choice behaviour and organisations’ hiring practices are the major antecedents of P-O fit. Following organisation entry individual and organisational so cialisation practices contribute to P-O fit. Socialisation helps establish P-O fit between newcomers and organisation (Chatman 1991; Cable Parsons, 2001) Impacts of P-O fit on organisation and individuals High level of P-O fit is related to a number of positive outcomes. P-O fit is correlated to work attitudes like job satisfaction and organisational commitment, organisational citizenship, self reported team work, creativity, and contextual performance (Boxx, Odom and Dunn, 1991; Chatman 1991). It can also predict intention of quit and turnover. Performance Holland (1985) stated that individuals will achieve greatest performance when their skills and traits fit those of the organization. In support of this statement, Caldwell O’Reilly (1990) found that P-O fit is positively related to job performance. Turnover Research examining the relationship between P-O fit and turnover suggests that employees whose values match those of their organization are less likely to experience feelings of incompetence or anxiety (Chatman, 1991). In contrast, employees who do not have a strong fit will either self-select out or will be released by the organization. For this reason, employees who fit with the organization are likely to have higher job satisfaction and lower intentions to quit than those who do not. This is also a measure of organizational commitment (Caldwell O’Reilly, 1990; Chatman, 1991; Saks Ashforth, 1997; Vancouver et al. 1994). Homogeneity and creativity P-O fit research also suggests that employees who have strong fit also possess certain degree of similarity or homogeneity (Lopez McMillan-Capehart, 2003). As a result, a criticism of P-O fit is that it results in employees who think similarly and thus there is less innovation and creative in the organization. Payne, Lane Jabri (1990) have questioned the desirability of too great a fit in creative industries, as ‘group think’ is detrimental to the innovation process. Comparison P-O fit with P-J fit Person-Job fit (P-J fit) is the most common way fit is defined by organizations. Person-Job fit involves the measurement of what we often refer to as â€Å"hard† information about a candidate’s suitability for the tasks that are required for successful performance of a specific job (Handler. C 2004). â€Å"Hard† aspects of P-J Fit include things such as a candidate’s specific skills, their levels of knowledge about specific subject matter, and their cognitive abilities. On the other hand, the elements of P-O Fit are rather soft. That is to say, it’s much more difficult to examine the job-related outcomes of a match between person and an organization as it elates to abstract concepts such as â€Å"values† and â€Å"culture† then it is to examine the outcomes of the match between harder traits, such as a person’s mathematical ability and the related aspects of their job performance. Just because it’s softer in nature and involves less objective constructs then P-J Fit, that doesn’t mean P-O Fit i s any less important. These insights on the two fit concepts suggest that they are complimentary measures that should account for different aspects of job performance and other organisational behaviors of an employee. Effective management of person-organisation fit As can be seen from the nature of the P-O fit, its involvement in the organisation and individual development starts at the selection process itself. It is then nurtured to grow by socialisation trends in the organisation. In this section effective management of P-O fit at various stages is discussed in detail Importance of Assessing P-O fit in employee selection In employee selection research , P-O fit can be conceptualised as the match between applicant and broader organisational attributes. Judge Ferris, 1992;Rynes Gerhart, 1990). P-O fit is very important in maintaining the flexible and committed workforce that is necessary in a competitive business environment and a tight labor market. (Bowen, Ledford Nathan,1991;Kristof 1996) Schneider’s (1987) ASA framework suggests that the sort of people within an organisation shape that organisation, yet that the culture of an organisation endures through changes in personnel. There i s then, a dynamic interaction between the people entering and leaving an organisation and its cultural characteristics. Dress Code EssayWe know that some degree of fit among employees is necessary to have harmony; on the other hand extreme levels of fit can lead to negative consequences such as lessened creativity. This is a dilemma many companies now face. By being attentive to the organizational climate and to the manner in which employees are socialized, it is possible that managers can nurture dissimilar employees so that they fit well with the organization while maintaining their uniqueness. References * Bowen,D. E, Ledford,G. E Nathan,B. R(1991) Hiring for the organisation,not the job. Academy of Management Executive ,5(4) 35-51. Boxx W. R. ,Odom,R. Y. ,Dunn, M. G(1991) Organisational values and value congruency and their impact on satisfaction commitment and cohesion. Public Personnel Management 20,195-205 * Bruce Watt, Mark Busine, Emma Wienker (2005) RECRUITING FOR CULTURE FIT DDI Australia Research Report. * Cable D. M. , Judge, T. A(1994). Pay preferences and job search decisions : A per son-organisation fit perspective. Personnel Psychology. 47,317-348. * Cable, D. M. and Parsons, C. K. (2001) Socialization Tactics and Person-Organization Fit. Personnel Psychology, 54, (1), pp1-23 * Chatman J. A(1991) Matching people and organisations:Selections and Socilsation in public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 40,423-443. * Caldwell, D. , Chatman, J. , and OReilly, C. , (1990) Building organizational commitment: A multi-firm study Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, pp. 245-261. * Dr. Charles Handler (2004) The Value of Person-Organization Fit , http://www. ere. net/2004/05/20/the-value-of-person-organization-fit/ * Hobman, E. V. , Bordia, P. , and Gallois, C. (2003), Consequences of feeling dissimilar from others in a work team Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, pp. 301-325. Holland, J. L. (1985), Making vocational choices, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. * James, L. A. , and James, L. R. (1989), Integrating work environment perceptions: Explorations into the measurement of meaning, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, pp. 739-751. * Jones, G. R. (1983), Psychological orientation and the process of organizational socialization: An interactionist per spective, Academy of Management Review, 8, pp. 464-474. * Judge, T. A Ferris, G. A (1992). The elusive criterion of fit in human resource staffing decisions, Human Resource Planning,154, 47-67 * Kristof,A. L(1996). Person-organisation fit: An integrative review of its conceptualisations, measurement and implications. Personnel Psychology,49(1),1-49 * Kwiatkowski R, (2003) Trends in organisations and selection: an introduction Journal of Managerial Psychology 18, 5 pg 382-394. * McMillan- -Capehart A, Lopez T. B, (2003)Reconciling Employee Dissimilarity and P-O Fit, Journal of Diversity Management 2,4 pg 33-42 * Meyer, J. P. , Allen, N. J. , and Gellatly, I. R. (1990), Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, pp. 10-720. * Muchinsky, P. M. Monahan, C. J. (1987): What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 268-277. * Payne, R. L. , Lane, D. and Jabri, M. (1990) A Two-Dimensional Person-Environment Fit Analysis of the Performance, Effort and Satisfaction of Research Scientists British Journ al of Management, 1, pp45-57 * Richard, O. C. Grimes, D. (1996). Bicultural interrole conflict: An organizational perspective, The Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 32 (3), pp. 155-270. * Rynes. S. L Gerhart,B. (1990). Interview assessments of applicant â€Å"fit†: An exploratory investigation . Personnel Psychology, 43,13-35. * Saks, A. M. and Ashforth, B. E. (1997) A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information, sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 50, pp394-425 * Schmidt,FL. , Hunter J. E (1998) The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology:Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin,134 (2) 262-274. * Schneider, B. and Goldstein, H. W. and Smith, D. B. (1995) The ASA framework: an update. Personnel Psychology, 48, pp747-773 * Vancouver, J. B. ,Millsap,R. E. Peters P. A (1994) Multilevel analysis of organisational goal congruence. Journal of Applied Psychology 79,666-679. * Van Maanen, J. , and Schein, E. H. (1979), Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed. ), Research in Organizational Behavior, 1, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. * Bibliography * Boisnier, A. and Chatman, J. A. (2003) The role of subcultures in agile organizations. In R. Peterson and E. Mannix (ed) Leading and Managing People in Dynamic Organizations, Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum, pp87-112 Bretz, R. D. and Judge, T. A. (1994) Person-organization fit and the theory of work adjustment: implications for satisfaction, tenure and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, pp32-54 * Carless, S. A. (2005) Person-job fit versus person-organization fit as predictors of organizational attraction and job acceptance intentions: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, pp411-429 * Chao, G. T. , O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. , Wolf, S. , Klein, H. J. and Gardner, P. D. (1994) Organizational Socialization: Its content and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology. 79, (5), pp730-743 * Chatman, J. (1991) Matching People and Organizations: Selection and Socialization in Public Accounting Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, pp459-484 * Cooper-Thomas, H. D. , Van Vianen, A. and Anderson, N. (2004) Changes in Person-Organization Fit: The impact of socialization tactics and actual P-O fit. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13, (1), pp52-78 * Jansen, K. J. Kristof-Brown, A. (2006): Toward a multidimensional theory of personenvironmentfit. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18 (2), 193-212. Jones, G. (1986), Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustment to organizations Academy of Management Journal, 29 2, pp. 262-279. * Kristof-Brown,A. L(2000). Perceived applicant fit: Distinguishing between recruiters’ perceptions of person-job fit and person-organisation fit. Personnel Psychology,53(4) 643-671. * Lievens, F. , Decaesteker, C. , Coetsier, P. and Geirnaert, J. (2001) Organizational Attractiveness for Prospective Applicants: A Person-Organization Fit Perspective. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, (1), pp30-51 * Morley, M. J. 2007): Person-organization fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22 (2), 109-117. * Pervin, L. A. (1989), â€Å"Persons, situations, interactions: the history of a controversy and a discussion of theoretical models†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, pp. 350-60. * O’Reilly, C. A. , Chatman, J. and Caldwell, D. F. (1991) People and organizational culture: a profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, pp487-516 * Sekiguchi T. (2003),A Contingency Perspective on the Importance of P-J Fit and P-O fit in Employee Selection Academy of Management , 4

Antigone free essay sample

Why does Ismene object to Antigones plan to bury Polyneices? Possible Answer: Ismene believes the men who rule Thebes must not be disobeyed because men are stronger and their will must be respected. How does Antigone demonstrate pre-feminist ethics? Possible Answer: Antigone believes that a womans duty is not to the men who rule a domain, but rather to her own instincts and her own sense of right and wrong. She believes that the gods do not dictate through a ruler, but rather through individual beliefs. When does Creon become apologetic for his actions? Possible Answer: Creon never apologizes for his actions. Instead, he simply orders Antigone to be freed because he knows that Teiresias is never wrong and therefore that his own life is at risk. However, he never truly believes that his order to imprison her was the wrong course of action. What is the seeming reason for Haemons suicide? Does he kill himself only out of desperate love for the dead Antigone? Possible Answer: Haemons suicide seems to have two motivations first out of anguish over Antigones death, but also because he is so furious with his father for having betrayed his trust. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early in the play, Haemon tells his father that as long as he offers wisdom, Haemon will follow him. But now it is clear that his father led him astray, and for that Haemon believes that one of them must die. Why isnt Creon killed by the plague that befalls him at the plays end? Possible Answer: Creons punishment is to suffer without a family, and to suffer the guilt of knowing he destroyed the lives of innocents to preserve obsolete traditions and a misconceived legacy of misogynist rule. What is Creons tragic flaw? Possible Answer: Creons tragic flaw is that he believes that men have the right to interpret divine will and impose absolute power in their name. As a result, a simple belief men cannot be wrong in the face of women is elevated to law and thus leads to multiple (unnecessary) deaths. Is Antigone ever apologetic for burying Polyneices? Possible Answer: Though Antigone bemoans her fate and believes death is a cruel and unnecessary punishment for burying Polyneices, she is never apologetic for actually covering his body. She believes until the end that she did the right thing. Why does Antigone not allow Ismene to join her in her death sentence? Possible Answer: Antigone does not want her sister laying claim to an act that was solely hers for two reasons: one, because she wants her sister to remain alive, and two, because she wants her sister to feel the shame of abandoning her principles for the sake of staying alive and being subservient to men. What is the role of the Chorus? Possible Answer: The Chorus is meant to reflect the conscience of Thebes they are the elders who expect Creon to guide them towards wisdom. As they lead him astray, they begin to sense this and reflect their feelings in their choral poems. What is unusual about the Watchmans speech? Possible Answer: Unlike the other characters, the Watchmans speech is written in more natural rhythms and dialect. Antigone free essay sample Evil not only fascinates people in general, but writers as well. In what ways and with what effect has â€Å"evil† been treated in Antigone? In the play of ‘Antigone’, evil appears in many forms. There is the soldier who is a traitor to his nation; the sister trying to prove her love for her family yet ends up breaking the law; the king who so eagerly tries to stop rule-breakers yet he himself neglects his flesh and blood. Here the difference of the two works is seen: The Earth of Mankind gives the impression that characters of power possess evil, whereas in Antigone, evil can be inside all of these opposing individuals. Polyneices, a soldier who fought against his own nation was to be punished as a traitor by not burying him after his death. When his sister, Antigone, goes against the King’s decree and burry Polyneices, she was also seen as a traitor to her country. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However their other sibling, Ismene, who sits at home as Antigone fights for her brother’s right, is also said to have performed a crime of being a traitor to her family. Now something we can see from here is that each and every character involved in the story so far possesses evil. This message is summed up by Sophocles in page 204 of the book, in Ode 1, where it says, ‘O fate of man, working both good and evil! ’ What the writer is trying to convey here is more realistic than what is said in ‘The Earth of Mankind’; both evil and good is naturally inside everyone’s mind.It is one’s choice to do which, but performing a crime is inevitable. Everyone has his or her own ‘evil’ deeds, not only the powerful ones. As seen in my previous explanation on who performs evil deeds in the play of ‘Antigone’, we can see that one evil act leads to another, whereas the chain of good doings ends sooner. Eteocles, who was a soldier and a brother to Antigone, fought bravely for his nation and was buried with honor by the King. Although many respect him for his virtuosity, the play didn’t show that further kindness was done because of him.However, when Polyneices betrays his nation and fought against it, a number of people are forced to perform evil in his affect. Antigone had to break the law in order to give him his right of getting a burial. Ismene, who was too scared to go against the decree, was said to be a traitor to her family, as she didn’t come to assist Antigone in her mission. They then cause Creon to imprison the sisters, punish them, which then cause him to have a fight with his son. Creon then causes death of Haimon, and therefore leads to the suicide of the Queen.On page 243, the messenger says, ‘†¦and her last breath was a curse for their father, the murderer of her sons. ’ A number of misfortunes occur as being the result of one act of evil. The play now gives the effect that evil gives more negative outcomes in comparison to good giving positive results. Here, evil is powerful enough to make such a big impact on its surrounding; bigger than the good. Creon sees Antigone as a traitor to his rules, despite her reasons. Creon imprisoned both Antigone and Ismene for the burial of the nation’s traitor, Polyneices, who is their brother.It is true that Antigone has broken the law, but according to her logic, it is more important to follow the rules of the Gods than the King. She feels that the dead, no matter what they did in their lives, deserve respect and be buried, and that it was her duty to do so as Polyneices’ sister. She didn’t care that she is breaking the decree, and may be punished to die, as long as this task is done. Creon, being a non-believer of the Gods in the beginning, thinks that breaking the law is crime, no matter for what purpose.Polyneices was a traitor and he suffers because of himself, thus no one should help him. On page 211, Creon even said to Antigone, ‘An enemy is an enemy, even dead. ’ There is truth in both arguments, and no one can say what is right. Here, the play depicts that the existence of evil depends on how one views it. ‘Antigone’ treats evil as a subjective topic, where it may be seen as a crime from one point of view, but is actually a good deed from another. No evil deed is done without a reason, and the play shows that one should explore, not only what crime has been done, but also why it was done.

Osteoporosis essays

Osteoporosis essays Osteoporosis is a one disease that happens when a persons bones become so thin that they can break easily. A person may develop osteoporosis by the thickness of their bones in their early like as well as their health, diet, and physical activity. As you age your bones naturally thin and cannot be completely stopped, however osteoporosis can be reduced by eating healthy and exercising. It is best for people to start developing these healthy habits in their teen years to reduce their risk of osteoporosis. The symptoms in Osteoporosis include: getting shorter in height, breathing difficulty (because of the ribs/back) having a curved upper back, back pains, and breaking bones. The bones that are most often broken are the small bones in the spine, hip, and wrist. During the first 25 to 30 years of a persons life a new bone is made faster than the existing bone is broken down. Between the next 10 to 20 year the bone is broken done at the same rate the bone is made. Usually in women between the ages 45 and 55 and 45 to 50 of men the bone begins to break down faster than the new bone is made. Women are also at a greater risk for osteoporosis than men because men have a higher bone density than women and also women lose protection against osteoporosis when their bodies stop producing estrogen during the time of menopause. A family history, Smoking, alcohol use, no exercise, thin body, low in calcium, decreasing levels of estrogen, and having certain medical conditions are factors of having a high risk for osteoporosis. Healthy habits help prevent osteoporosis. Young women need to take steps to prevent complications. If a person already has osteoporosis healthy habits can help slow the process. Usually older people do not have enough calcium in their diet and need to take calcium supplements. ...

Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of standardized testing Essay

Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of standardized testing - Essay Example The prevalent use of standardized tests has caused much controversy in recent years. Some feel that they have an important place in helping to assess student ability and school quality, while others feel that they have very little validity, and detract significantly from our children's educational experience. A great deal of studies have been published in attempt to understand the true effect that standardized tests have on education, yet there has been little consensus among opposing sides. No matter one's position on the subject, a clear understanding of both the pros and cons of standardized testing will aid our country in its quest to improve the quality of education for all of our students. If administrators and policy-makers would take into account both the benefits and the drawbacks of standardized testing, they could work to create educational policies that take advantage of the data that standardized tests offer, while not allowing test bias or an overemphasis on test scores to detract from our student's education. The driving force behind the prevalent use of standardized tests in school districts across the country is a belief that they will hold schools and teachers accountable for each student, and that no child will be allowed to slip through the cracks. This is essentially the premise of the No Child Left Behind Act passed in 2002, which uses standardized test scores to determine whether or not schools are making adequate progress. In a recent report from the US department of education entitled "Building on Results: A Blueprint for Strengthening the No Child Left Behind Act" (2007), George W. Bush reiterates that this policy is first and foremost an effort to end "the soft bigotry of low expectations" (p 1). In addition to bridging the achievement gaps between minority populations and wealthier populations, Bush also stated that: "NCLB is an important way to make sure America remains competitive in the 21st century. We're living in a global world. See, the education system must compete with education systems in China and India. If we fail to give our students the skills necessary to compete in the world of the 21st century, the jobs will go elsewhere" (Hursh, 2007, 498). Proponents of NCLB, argue that standardized tests are the best tool that we have at our disposal to determine whether schools are truly bridging the achievement gaps and preparing students to compete in the global economy of the 21st century. The reason that standardized tests are an indispensable part of school success according to proponents of NCLB, stems from their belief that it is impossible to know if students are learning anything without assessment. Grant Wiggins, author of Understanding by Design (2006), offers a humorous, but poignant anecdote about what happens when assessment is not incorporated into classroom instruction: A teacher claims to have taught his dog to talk, yet when the teacher's friend wants to see proof of the dog being able to talk, the teacher modifies her claim: "I taught him to talk, but I didn't say he learned it" (p. 228). Without evaluation, neither teachers nor students can ever know if they have grasped the material that has been taught, and they become the talking dogs that have not actually learned to talk. Without evaluation, teaching can become a dull and listless act that fails to take into account whether students are actually learning and whether they are able to analyze and cr eate meaning out of the new experiences they have had in class. Richard Phelps explains the benefits of standardized tests in Kill the Messenger: The War on Standardized Testing (2003), which has been called the definitive defense of standardized testing. Phelps and other proponents of standardized

Substance abuse in Veterans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Substance abuse in Veterans - Research Paper Example These drugs provide relief for a short lifespan. However, this can in turn bring a heavy aftermath after the lapse. Its effects include nightmares, addiction, anxiety, flashbacks, suicide, overdose, sleeplessness, depression, aggressiveness, loneliness and even in the worst scenario; death (Lewis, Dana & Blevins, 2011) Stress forms a greater influence than any other cause and it greatly hinders a person’s mentality. The soldiers especially those from Iraq and Afghanistan, tend to overuse opioids a lot as a way of relieving stress. Most of them don’t use it because of physical injury, but because they want to erase the painful memories of their lost ones in the army. Hence, they misuse these drugs to relieve dark memories. Some veterans also use excessive hard drugs as a supplement of the opiates in case they don’t manage to get one. One of the majorly abused illegal drugs was heroin. This was because of fear from war tensions .Heroin abuse was largely used by Vietnam veterans. Battles needed courage and bravery; and that is why a huge number of soldiers used these drugs to boost their confidence. Injured soldiers especially those with severe cases were prescribed powerful painkillers which provided pleasure in return. The most prescribed painkillers included hydrocodone, oxycodone and meperidine. These drugs were commonly abused by being injected or sniffed in the blood system by the patients. These painkillers provided a similar feeling like the heroin. Excessive opioids brought about addiction which made most of them captive. The patients later turned to the abuse of painkillers which served as alternative opioids, having been controlled by the Department of Veteran Affairs. Opioids also caused anxiety and sleeplessness. Flashbacks were also recorded by the veterans causing them to scream or cry when sleeping. The patients sometimes took huge amounts of the painkillers whether prescribed or not, and

Air pollution Essay Example for Free

Air pollution Essay Introduction to Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution characteristics Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. The extent of industrialization and population density. Air Pollutants Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution are natural sources and man-made source. A. Natural sources: Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. Pollutants from natural sources Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide dust and other gases. Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dusts and soil particles from ground-surface. Extraterrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth. B. Man-made (anthropogenic) sources Industries, automobiles, agriculture, power plants, domestic sources, etc. Pollutants from manmade sources Industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters. Domestic sources: gases from kitchen, domestic heating. Automobiles: smoke, fumes, emissions from different vehicles. Agriculture: insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash. Introduction to Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution characteristics Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. The extent of industrialization and population density. Air Pollutants Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution are natural sources and man-made source. A. Natural sources: Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. Pollutants from natural sources Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide dust and other gases. Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dusts and soil particles from ground-surface. Extraterrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth. B. Man-made (anthropogenic) sources Industries, automobiles, agriculture, power plants, domestic sources, etc. Pollutants from manmade sources Industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters. Domestic sources: gases from kitchen, domestic heating. Automobiles: smoke, fumes, emissions from different vehicles. Agriculture: insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash.